Annex 4. Glossary
3G
Third generation — third-generation mobile communications technology — a set of services that combine both high-speed mobile access with Internet services and radio communication technology that creates a data channel.
4G
Fourth generation — a generation of mobile communications with heightened demands. The fourth generation usually includes promising technologies that make it possible to transfer data at a rate exceeding 100 Mbit/s — mobile and 1 Gbit/s — fixed users.
5G
Fifth generation is a high-speed wireless Internet, a fifth-generation technology that provides more efficient communications and access to data and services by increasing the speed of data receipt/transmission and broadening the range.
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line — an asymmetric digital subscriber line — modem technology in which the available bandwidth of the channel is distributed between the proceeding and entering traffic asymmetrically.
API
Application programming interface — a description of how one computer program may interact with another program.
ARPU
Average Revenue Per User — average revenue per month per subscriber.
B2B
Businessto Business is a term for commercial relations between legal entities.
B2C
Business to Consumer is a term that refers to a commercial relationship between a legal entity and a consumer.
B2G
Business to Government — a term that refers to commercial relations between a legal entity and the state.
B2O
Business to Operators is a term that refers to a commercial relationship between a legal entity and communications operators.
Big Data
Big data processing.
Blockchain
A continuous sequential chain of blocks containing information, organized according to specific rules. Most often, copies of the chain of blocks are stored on many different computers independently of each other.
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access — multiple access with code division, digital cellular (wireless) communications network. CDMA is recommended by the global organization for standardization of communications as the most promising for building third-generation networks.
DWDM
Dence Wave Division Multiplexing is the most reliable technology for the underlying infrastructure of multiservice and mobile networks, ensures a sharp increase in network throughput and provides a wide range of fundamentally new communications services.
EBITDA
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization — the Company's profit before deduction of interest on loans, profits tax and depreciation.
ESG factors
Environmental. Social. Governance — environmental, social and management factors.
Firewall
A technology barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unsolicited communications between computer networks or hosts.
FMC
One contact (fixed mobile convergence) — technology combining fixed and mobile communications), with subsequent transfer to commercial operation.
FTTH
Fiber to the Home — fiber optic cable to the home (individual/private home).
FTTх
Fiber to the x — fiber-optic connection technology.
FWA
Fixed Wireless Access — 4G-based wireless Internet technology used in areas not covered by fiber-optic communication lines.
GSM
A global standard of digital mobile cellular communications with time and frequency split, is highly secure and operates in 2G networks. The main purpose is to make calls and exchange messages.
GPON
Digabit passive optical network — GB passive optical networks.
IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service — infrastructure as a service, for example, virtual servers and a virtual network; the client may install any software and applications.
IPTV
Internet Protocol Television — television using Internet protocol, technology (standard) of digital television in data transmission networks using IP protocol, used by digital cable television operators, and the new generation of television.
IP transit
A service to provide managed and high-speed Internet access through modern optical data transmission networks using the BGP protocol. BGP is a protocol of dynamic route between autonomous systems used in the Internet.
IoT
Internet of things — a common name for technologies that allow devices built into individual objects to send and receive information via the Internet (wired or wireless).
LoRa
Long Range is a technology and a method of modulation of the same name.
LTE
Long-Term Evolution is a wireless high-speed data transmission standard for mobile phones and other data terminals.
NPS
Net Promoter Score — Consumer Commitment Index or Company (Recommendation Readiness Index), used to assess readiness for repeat purchases. It is one of the main indices for measuring customer loyalty.
OTT
Over the Top — a method of providing video services over the Internet.
ROACE
Return on average capital employed — return on average capital employed.
SaaS
Software as a Service — software as a service, for example, e-mail or other office application; the client uses the application, basic application settings are managed by the provider.
SAC
Subscriber Acquisition Cost — a metric that reflects the Company's total costs on attracting one buyer.
SDN/NFV
Software -Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Automation (NFV).
VAS
Value-Added Services — value-added services.
VPN
Virtual Private Network — a common name for the technology that makes it possible to provide one or more network connections (a logical network) over another network (for example, the Internet).
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol. The protocol was created specifically for GSM networks, where portable devices need to be connected to the Internet. Using WAP, a user of a mobile device may download any digital data from the Internet.
WIMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Micro Access) is a broadband wireless technology that provides high-speed long-distance connections, even without a line of sight, on a reflected signal.
WLL
Wireless local loop is a type of communications technology that is a combination of a radiotelphone line and a fixed-line telephone.
АМТС
Automatic long-distance telephone communication.
FOCL RS
Fiber-optic communications lines in rural settlements.
ICT
Information and communication technologies.
CSR
Corporate social responsibility.
SMEs
Small and medium-sized enterprises.
ULE
Association of legal entities.
SSC
Shared service center.
Broadband or high-speed Internet access
Internet access at a data rate that is higher than the maximum possible when using dial-up access using a modem and a public telephone network.